The Ultimate Guide to Home Remodeling: From Planning to Execution

Home remodeling is a big investment that requires careful planning. Whether you’re upgrading your kitchen, adding a new bathroom, or renovating your entire house, the process can be overwhelming. This guide will walk you through each stage of home remodeling, from creating a plan to completing construction.

If you’re considering building an accessory dwelling unit (ADU) as part of your remodel, working with an experienced ADU construction company in Sacramento can make the process smoother.

What Is Zoning for ADUs?

Zoning laws are a set of local regulations that determine how land and buildings can be used. They help cities and counties manage growth, maintain neighborhood aesthetics, and ensure public safety. When it comes to accessory dwelling units (ADUs), zoning laws dictate whether you can build one on your property and what specific rules you must follow.

Types of Zoning for ADUs

Zoning codes vary by city, but ADUs are typically allowed in:

Single-family residential zones – Some cities only permit ADUs on lots zoned for single-family homes.
Multi-family residential zones – These zones may allow multiple ADUs on one lot.
Mixed-use zones – In some areas, ADUs are permitted above commercial spaces.

Key Zoning Considerations for ADUs

Before starting an ADU project, homeowners should understand zoning restrictions related to:

Lot Size Requirements – Some cities require a minimum lot size before allowing an ADU. If your lot is smaller than the required threshold, you may need a zoning variance.
Setbacks – These rules dictate how far the ADU must be from property lines, streets, or other buildings. Common setback requirements range from 4 to 10 feet.
Height Limits – Many cities impose height restrictions, especially for detached ADUs. One-story ADUs usually have fewer restrictions than two-story units.
Density Regulations – Some jurisdictions limit the number of ADUs allowed per lot or neighborhood.
Owner-Occupancy Requirements – Some cities require the property owner to live in either the primary house or the ADU.

Understanding local zoning codes is the first step in determining if your property qualifies for an ADU.

Understanding ADU Permits

Getting an ADU permit is a critical step in the construction process. Permits ensure that the unit meets all safety, structural, and zoning requirements. Without proper permits, homeowners risk fines, legal issues, and even demolition orders.

Types of Permits Required for ADUs

Most ADU projects require multiple permits, including:

Zoning Permit – Confirms that the ADU complies with local land-use regulations.
Building Permit – Ensures that the ADU’s construction follows structural, electrical, plumbing, and safety codes.
Electrical Permit – Required if the ADU has a separate electrical system or new wiring.
Plumbing Permit – Necessary for installing water supply lines, drains, and sewage connections.
Mechanical Permit – If the ADU includes heating, ventilation, or air conditioning systems, this permit is required.

ADU Permit Application Process

The process for obtaining an ADU permit typically involves several steps:

Pre-Application Research – Check local zoning laws, discuss your plans with the city planning department, and review any homeowner association (HOA) rules.
Design and Planning – Work with an architect or contractor to create detailed site plans, floor plans, and structural drawings.
Permit Submission – Submit your application and required documentation to the local building department.
Plan Review – The city reviews your plans and may request revisions if they don’t meet zoning or safety requirements.
Approval and Fees – Once approved, you’ll need to pay permit fees, which can range from a few hundred to several thousand dollars.
Inspections During Construction – Building inspectors will visit the site at various stages to ensure compliance with codes.
Final Inspection and Approval – After passing all inspections, you’ll receive a certificate of occupancy, allowing you to use the ADU legally.

ADU permitting can take anywhere from a few weeks to several months, depending on local regulations and project complexity.

Key Zoning Regulations by State and City

Zoning laws for ADUs vary widely across the U.S. Some states have made ADU construction easier by passing laws that override restrictive local zoning codes, while others still impose significant restrictions.

California

One of the most ADU-friendly states.
ADUs are allowed in most residential zones with minimal lot size requirements.
Setbacks are reduced to 4 feet for side and rear property lines.
No owner-occupancy requirement for new ADUs built before 2025.

Oregon

Statewide legislation requires cities to allow ADUs in single-family zones.
Some local jurisdictions still require owner occupancy or additional parking.

Washington

Seattle allows both attached and detached ADUs on single-family lots.
Some areas limit the number of unrelated occupants living in an ADU.

Florida

ADUs are legal in many cities but come with strict restrictions.
Some areas require ADUs to be used for long-term rentals only.
Minimum lot size requirements vary significantly by city.

New York

ADUs are heavily restricted in most areas.
Some suburban counties allow ADUs in single-family zones under strict conditions.

Checking with your local planning department is the best way to determine the specific ADU regulations in your area.

Common Zoning Restrictions and How to Overcome Them

Even in states that encourage ADU development, zoning restrictions can pose challenges. Here’s how to navigate common obstacles:

1. Lot Size Restrictions

Problem: Some cities require a minimum lot size for ADU construction.
Solution: Apply for a variance (an exception to zoning laws) or explore ADU options that comply with lot size requirements, such as garage conversions.

2. Setback Requirements

Problem: Setbacks often restrict where an ADU can be placed on a property.
Solution: Consider a smaller ADU design or a unit that attaches to the existing home, which may have different setback rules.

3. Height Limits

Problem: Many cities limit ADU height, particularly for detached units.
Solution: Opt for a single-story ADU or design a lofted space with a lower roofline to stay within legal height limits.

4. Parking Requirements

Problem: Some cities require additional parking spaces for ADUs, which can be challenging in urban areas.
Solution: Check if your area has waived parking requirements for ADUs near public transit or if street parking can count toward the requirement.

5. Owner-Occupancy Rules

Problem: Some jurisdictions require homeowners to live on the property if they have an ADU.
Solution: If you plan to rent out both the ADU and the primary home, research local ordinances or consider applying for an exemption.

6. HOA Restrictions

Problem: Some homeowners’ associations prohibit ADUs or impose additional restrictions.
Solution: Work with the HOA board to understand their concerns and see if exceptions or rule changes are possible.

Navigating zoning restrictions can be complex, but with proper planning and professional guidance, many obstacles can be overcome.

The Permitting Process for ADUs: Step-by-Step Guide

The process of obtaining ADU permits can be lengthy and complex. Every city has its own requirements, but most permitting processes follow a similar structure. Below is a step-by-step breakdown of what homeowners can expect.

Step 1: Research Local Regulations

Before starting an ADU project, homeowners should check their city’s zoning laws and permit requirements. Most cities have online zoning maps and permit guides, but speaking directly with a city planner can help clarify any uncertainties.

Visit the local planning department’s website.
Look for ADU-specific guidelines.
Determine setback, height, and parking requirements.
Check whether additional approvals (e.g., HOA, historic district) are needed.

Step 2: Create a Design Plan

A professional architect or ADU contractor can help create a blueprint that meets zoning and safety regulations. The design should include:

Site plan showing property lines and the proposed ADU location.
Floor plan detailing room layouts, windows, and doors.
Elevations showing the ADU’s height and overall appearance.
Structural drawings with construction details.
Utility plans for electrical, plumbing, and HVAC systems.

Step 3: Submit Permit Applications

Once the design is finalized, homeowners must submit permit applications to the local building department. This typically includes:

Zoning application – Confirms that the ADU complies with land-use laws.
Building permit application – Ensures structural, plumbing, and electrical safety.
Utility permit applications – Required if the ADU has separate water, gas, or electric connections.

Cities often charge fees based on ADU size and complexity, which can range from $500 to $10,000.

Step 4: Plan Review and Approval

The city will review the submitted plans to ensure compliance with building codes. This process can take anywhere from two weeks to several months, depending on local demand.

If the plans meet all requirements, permits will be issued.
If the city requests revisions, homeowners must adjust and resubmit their plans.

Step 5: Construction and Inspections

Once permits are approved, construction can begin. Throughout the process, city inspectors will check key stages of development, such as:

Foundation Inspection – Ensures proper depth and structural integrity.
Framing Inspection – Verifies walls, ceilings, and roof construction.
Electrical and Plumbing Inspections – Confirms wiring and pipe installations meet code.
Final Inspection – Certifies that the ADU is safe and ready for occupancy.

Skipping inspections can result in fines or even demolition orders, so homeowners should schedule them as required.

Step 6: Receive Certificate of Occupancy

After passing the final inspection, homeowners receive a certificate of occupancy (CO), which legally allows the ADU to be rented or occupied.

Costs and Timelines of ADU Permits

The cost and time required to obtain ADU permits depend on location, project scope, and permit complexity. Below are key cost factors and estimated timelines.

Permit Costs

Permit fees vary by city but typically include:

Permit Type	Estimated Cost
Zoning Permit	$500 – $2,000
Building Permit	$1,000 – $7,000
Electrical Permit	$300 – $1,500
Plumbing Permit	$400 – $2,000
Utility Connection Fees	$1,000 – $10,000

In high-demand areas like California, total permit fees can exceed $15,000.

Project Timelines

The time it takes to secure ADU permits depends on the city and whether any variances or special approvals are required.

Phase	Estimated Timeframe
Research and Planning	1 – 2 months
Design and Application Submission	1 – 3 months
Permit Review and Approval	2 – 6 months
Construction	4 – 12 months

Homeowners should account for potential delays caused by city backlogs, required plan revisions, or unexpected zoning challenges.

Legal and Compliance Considerations

Building an ADU requires compliance with state and local laws. Homeowners must ensure their project meets legal standards to avoid penalties.

Common Legal Issues

Building Without a Permit
- Some homeowners try to skip the permit process to save time and money. However, this can lead to fines, forced demolition, or denial of future permits.
- Solution: Always obtain the necessary permits before starting construction.
Violation of Setback and Height Restrictions
- If an ADU is built too close to property lines or exceeds height limits, the city may require modifications or removal.
- Solution: Work with an architect who understands zoning regulations before submitting plans.
Illegal Rental Use
- Some cities prohibit short-term rentals (e.g., Airbnb) for ADUs. Violating this rule can lead to fines or legal action.
- Solution: Check local laws before using an ADU as a rental property.
Utility and Sewer Connection Issues
- Some cities require separate water and sewer connections for ADUs, which can increase costs.
- Solution: Consult a contractor to explore cost-effective connection options.

How to Get Help with Zoning and Permits

Navigating ADU zoning and permitting can be complex, but several resources are available to assist homeowners.

1. Work with an ADU Specialist

Hiring an ADU construction company or consultant can simplify the process. These professionals handle everything from design and permitting to construction.

2. Contact Your Local Planning Department

Most cities have planning and building departments that offer guidance on zoning laws and permit requirements.

Schedule an appointment with a zoning official.
Request a copy of ADU-specific regulations.
Ask about pre-approved ADU designs that may streamline permitting.

3. Use Online Resources

Several websites provide ADU zoning maps and permitting guides:

Local government websites – Many cities provide zoning lookup tools.
State ADU laws – States like California and Oregon have ADU-specific guidelines.
Contractor directories – Sites like Houzz and Angi list ADU builders with local experience.

4. Consult an Architect or Engineer

If your ADU requires zoning variances or complex structural modifications, a professional architect or engineer can help ensure compliance with local regulations.

Conclusion

Building an ADU can be a great investment, but understanding zoning and permit requirements is crucial for a smooth process. Homeowners must research local laws, obtain the necessary permits, and follow building codes to avoid fines or legal issues.

By working with experienced professionals and staying informed about zoning laws, homeowners can successfully add an ADU to their property while maximizing value and functionality. Whether you’re planning a rental unit, a guest house, or extra living space, navigating zoning and permits properly will ensure a successful project.